Introduction

Mastung has remained a part of Kalat District in the form of a Tehsil from 1962 to 1991 until it became a seperate district on 31st December 1991, vide notification No 240.A.13, issued from the Board of Revenue Balochistan. Prior to 1962, Mastung was part of the Kalat State and was administrated through Nazim-ul-Umoor/Nazim-ul-Hukoomat/Mustaufi or the district officer, who was adminstrating the whole Sarawan and was seated at Meeri (The building presently inuse of the National Bank of Pakistan Mastung).

Administratively, Mastung district is part of Kalat Division. There are Seven Districts in Kalat Division, namely; Mastung. Kalat, Surab, Khuzdar, Awaran, Lasbela and Hub. The Commissioner Kalat Division holds his office at Khuzdar At the time of creation, Mastung district was constituted whith one tehsil (Mastung) and three sub-Tehsils (Dasht, Kirdgap and Kadkucha); with Mastung as the headquarters. Later on, sub-tehsils Dasht and Kirdgap were also elevated to the status of sub-divisions in 1995 and 2011 respectively. Dasht sub-divisionwas upgraded from sub-tehsil to tehsil status on 28th March 2001.  Presently there are three sub-divisions (Mastung, Dasht and Kirdgap), which are headed by the Assistant Commissioners; two tehsils (Mastung and Dasht) and two sub-tehsils (Kirdgap and Kadkucha).

The Government of Balochistan on 12th April 2001, excluded sub-tehsil Panjpai from Pishin district and merged the same in Mastung District, and again on 7th May 2003, the sub-tehsil Panjpai was detached from Mastung district and was included in Quetta District.

The Government of Balochistan, on 3rd February 2001 through a notification, excluded the Zarkhu Union Council with its nine mouzas from Mastung District, and included the same in Quetta District.

Total area of District Mastung is 6470 Sq. Kms. Total Population of District Mastung is 266461(According to the 2017 census). It consists of 20 Union Councils, 02 Municipal Committees and a District Council.

Geography

Mastung District is located in  the south of provincial capital Quetta at a distance of 49 Km. Area-wise Mastung ranks the 18th largest District i Balochistan and has an area of 6470 square kilometres. Mastung Lies between 66^o11’34” – 67^o25’59” east longitudes and 29^o20’13” – 30^o15’08” north latitudes. Location of Mastung is at 735 km(aerial distance) south-west (235 degrees bearing) of Pakistan’s capital city Islamabad and 45 km(aerial distance) south-west(200 degrees bearing) from Quetta city. 

Mastung borders Quetta in  the  north via Lak Pass,kalat in the south via Kadkucha, Kachi i n the east via Dasht and Noskhi in the wes via Kirdgap, its height above sea level is  5590 feet.

The general character/topography of the District is mountainous consisting of a series of parallel hill ranges, runnig north to south and enclosing valleys, which lie at an elevation of 5000 to 6500 feet above sea level. Some of these valleys are wid enough and are also important agriculturally. In the western portion of the District are principal valleys of Gurgina and Kirdgap; in the centre is the large valley of the Mastung city, with Kadkuca and Sheerin Aab running southwards and the valley of Kanak running northwards, west of Chiltan Mountain, into the valley of Aghbarg in Queta, while in the north, eastwards of the Chiltan Mountain, is the piedmont which leads to the valley of Quetta. In the east are the valleys of Dasht and Gondain, while in the southeast lie the valleys of Isplinji, Marov and Kabo.

Hill Ranges

The mountains of the Central Brahvi range cover major part of Mastung District. in the extreme north-east, close to the boundry of Quetta and Kachi districts, lie the mountains of Murdar Ghar, Sur Ghar and Kuk Ghar, The highest peak in Murdar Ghar is 3265 metres whil that of Kuk Ghar is 3250 metres, Surrounded by these mountains is the valley of Zarkhu(now in Quetta District) which is dreined by Zarkhu and other streams. Further south are the hills of Nagau Range which separate Dasht sub-division/tehsil into two so that Dilband and Dashtari areas of Mastung are tto be apporached via Marov, Isplinji, Sheeshar and then passing through Khaiswar and Johan areas of Kalat The highest point in these hills is abov 2500 metres. Further west along the southern boundary of Dasht lie the hills of Koh-i-Siah; the highest point in these hills is 3117 metres.

The next important mountains are those of Zehri Ghat, running from north-east to south-west and dividing MastungDistrict into two parts. The highest point is 2681 metres, which is known as Koh-i-Zindan. In the extreme north of this range lies the famous Nishpa tunnel which is about one and a half kilometres long and through which passes the reilway line Pass through which passes the Chamman-Karachi highway(N-25).

North-west of Zehri Ghat lies the southern extension of the Chiltan hills The highest point in this range is 3314 metres. Further north-wes, along the border of Mastung with Quetta district, are the hills of Mashlakh range. The highest point in this range is 2422 metres. West of Kirdgap valley, lie the Garr hills which run along the boundary of Mastung district with Noshki district.

Rivers and Streams

There are no perennial rivers and streams in Mastung district, there are, however, some seasonal streams and nallas, which carry rain water from high altitude and mountainous areas to the plains, An important seasonal streams of the district is Sheerin Aab, which flows north to south in the western half of the District, Parri Nalla flows near the south eastern boundary of the district. som others are Pashkaram Nalla, Kangoi Jhal, Chunka Dhor and Bhalla Dor (Pishak Jhal).

Topography

The topography within 2 miles of Mastung contains only modest variations in elevaton, with a maximum elevation change of 335 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 5590 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (3579 feet). Within 50 miles also contains extreme variations in elevation(11129 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Mastung is covered by bare soil (51%), cropland (27%) and artificial surface (19%), within 10 miles by bare siil(82%) and cropland(12%) and within 50 miles by bare soil(92%).

Climate

The overall climate of the District is dry and temperate without any marked variations. The year is divided into four seasons: spring(hatam), from March to May; summer (tirma), from June to August; autumn (sohel), from September and October; and winter (sailt); from November to February. The spring is the most delightful time of the year. From April to September, the climate is dry, bright, bracing and healthy, In autumn, the nights become cold and are sometimes frosty, though by day, the sun is still warmer. The winters are severely dry cold and seldom receive rain and snowfall; whereas the summers are long, hot and mostly clear.

Average Weather in Mastung District

The compilation of digital data regarding weather parameters has been initiated in province since last decade; before that the system was based on manual observational network Unfortunately, there is no weather station of Pakistan Meteorological Department at Mastung which could provide standard recorded weather parameters in respect of Mastung District. Normally, it is dry year-round and the temperature typically varies from –2.2^oC to 34^oC and is rarely below -6^oC ore above 37^oC.

Aridity of the Region

Mastung district falls inthe arid zone for its low receiving of rainfall during the course of the year and high evaporation rate. Aridity results from the presence of dry, descending air, therefore, aridity is found mostly in placees where anticyclonic condition are persistent, as is the case in the regions lying under the anticyclones of the subtropics, The climatic pattern in the arid zones is frequently characterized by a relatively ‘cool’ dry season, followed by a relatively ‘hot’ dry season, and ultimately by a ‘moderate’ rainy season. In general, there are significant diurnal temperature fluctuations within these seasons.

Summers and Winters

The hot season lasts for 4.1 months, from May 13^th to September 15^th with an average daily high temperatures above 30 ^oC . The hottest day of the year is July 3^rd , with and average high temperature of 34.5 ^oC.

• National Assembly-NA-267
  Mastung-cum-Kalat-cum-Shaheed-Sikandarabad………01
• Provincial Assembly-PB (35)…………………….………..01

• Municipal Committee……………….02
• UCs ………………………………………………..20

Sub Divisions=03

1. Mastung
2. Dasht
3. Kardigap

Tehsils

1. Tehsil Mastung
2. Tehsil Dasht
3. Tehsil Kardigap

Mauzas——-280

Total Population =               266462 (2017)

Male Population=                  137963 (2017)

Female Population=             128498 (2017)

Average Annual Growth Rate=3.04 % (1998-2017)

Population Density=                41.02/Sq km     

Minorities Population

1-Christian Community=  500 (40 Houses)

2-Hindu Community=       400(55 Houses)

Small Industries

K

Public Libraries

1. Sarawan Digital Library Mastung
2. Women Public Library Mastung
3. Public Library Dasht
4. Public Library Sarband Tiri

1. District Headquarter Hospital (DHQ Mastung)- established 1993
2. Nawab Ghous Bakhsh Raisani Memorial Teaching Hospital Mastung established on 21st March, 2013.

National Highways

Railway         (Through Mastung)

Functional Post Offices in District Mastung

• Post Office Mastung
• Post Office Wali Khan
• Post Office Kanak
• Post Office Dreengarh
• Post Office Kardigap

Area and Production of Vegitable in District Mastung

Area and Production of Condiments and Spices in District Mastung

Area and Production of Melons in District Mastung

Area and Production of Kharif Fodder in District Mastung

Area and Production of Kharif Fodder in District Mastung

Area and Production of Fruits in District Mastung

Wildlife Types In District Mastung

Hazarganji Chiltan National Park

it was established in 1980 and covers an area of about 325000 acres. it is partly in Mastung district and partly in Quetta district. It has a large quantum of biodiversity wherein wild animals include: Indian Wolf, Stripped Hyena, Common Jackal and Indian CrestedPorcupine. Birds Include: Partridge, Common Wood Pigeon, European Turtle Dove, Spotted Owlet, Common Swift, Griffon Vulture, Crested Honey Buzzard, Peregrine Falcn, Eurasian Sparrow, Hawk, Indian Cuckoo, Blue Rock Thrush etc, Reptiles are also found here, like Monitor Lizard, Russell’s Viper, Saw Scaled Vipers and Piny Tailed Lizards. The population of Chiltan Wild Goats (locally called Markhor) has significantly increased after the establishment of Park and involvement of local community living in the vicinity of the park. Sluaiman Markhor is also present in the Northern part of the Chiltan Range. The Urial was reported to be last shot in 1970s, in the park, Till 1970s, both species (Afghan Urial and common Leopard) wer present at Hazarganji Chiltan National Park Presently, the are extinct from area, Murdar Mountain, which lies in Quetta district, was once home to Sulaiman Markhor and Afghan Urial, They are alsson now extinct from the area. The Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Departmentm through community Forest Guards and Game Watchers, ensures protection of the existing forests and inhabited wildlife.

Game Reserves in Mastung

Duz Dara and Koh-e-Surkho are game reseres in Mastung adjacent to Hazarganji Chiltan National Park and has area of approximately 2351 hectares. It acts as buffer zone protecting the Hazarganji Chiltan National Park.

Mamals

Birds

 Reptiles

• Brahvi
• Balochi
• Dehwari
• Pashto

1. Bangulzai                               (Population-54842, Households-6840)
2. Shahwani                               (Population-48115,   Households-7357)
3. Kurd                                         (Population-17758,  Households-2003)
4. Lehri                                         (Population-12557,   Households-1768)
5. Dehwar                                   (Population-12544,   Households-1580)
6.  Raisani                                   (Population-11460,    Households-1545)
7. Muhammad Shahi               (Population-10733,   Households-1652)
8. Sarparah                                (Population-7032,      Households-945)

Other Small Tribes

1. Mengal

2. Sumalani

3. Rind

4. Satakzai

5. Rodeni

6. Pirkani

7. Langove

8. Sumalani

9. Satakzai

10. Muhammad Hasni

11. Mullazai

12. Sasoli

13. Qambrani

14. Sarmastani

15. Ababaki

• Chiltan National Park
• Amach Dam
• Linjo Water Park